What is Elbow Contracture?

Elbow contracture is a condition characterized by stiffness in the elbow, leading to a limited range of motion. This can significantly impact daily activities, such as eating, dressing, and bathing. Elbow contracture often results from trauma, surgery, or other conditions affecting the joint.

The normal functional range of motion for the elbow is 30-145 degrees. A contracted elbow is diagnosed when the range of motion is reduced by 30 degrees or more, with contractures exceeding 45 degrees causing considerable functional limitations.

Symptoms of Elbow Contracture

• Stiffness in the elbow.
• Difficulty fully extending or flexing the arm.
• Generally, there is no associated pain.

Causes of Elbow Contracture

Common causes and risk factors include:

• Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or burns.
• Surgical Interventions: Scar tissue formation after elbow surgery.
• Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Bone Abnormalities: Loose bodies, bone spurs (osteophytes), or malunited fractures.
• Infections: Joint infections that cause inflammation and scarring.

Diagnosis of Elbow Contracture

An accurate diagnosis requires a thorough evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon. This includes:

• A review of medical history.
• A physical examination to assess stiffness and mobility.
• Imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, to identify structural abnormalities.
• Nerve conduction studies, if nerve involvement is suspected.

Treatment Options for Elbow Contracture

Conservative Treatment
Mild contractures, especially those present for less than six months, can often be managed with non-surgical approaches, such as:

1. Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve mobility.
2. Splinting or Casting: To gradually restore range of motion.
3. Manipulation: Controlled movements to break adhesions and improve joint flexibility.

Surgical Treatment
When conservative methods are ineffective, surgery may be recommended.

Elbow Capsular Release Surgery

• This procedure releases the stiff joint capsule and removes scar tissue or bony obstructions.
• It can be performed as an open surgery or arthroscopically using minimally invasive techniques.
• Arthroscopic surgery involves smaller incisions, less pain, and quicker recovery times.

Postoperative Care
Successful recovery requires adherence to a comprehensive rehabilitation plan:

• Pain Management: Brachial plexus block anesthesia may be administered post-surgery.
• Early Mobilization: Continuous passive motion exercises start within 24 hours after surgery.
• Swelling Control: Elevation and ice packs help reduce swelling.
• Wound Care: Keep incisions clean and dry; follow your surgeon’s guidance on showering and dressing changes.
• Physical Therapy: Essential for restoring range of motion and preventing stiffness recurrence.
• Lifestyle Changes: A balanced diet and avoiding smoking can enhance healing.

Risks and Complications

Elbow capsular release is a safe procedure, but potential complications include:

• Infection.
• Nerve damage.

Expert Care for Elbow Contracture

Our orthopedic team specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of elbow contractures, offering both conservative management and advanced surgical solutions. We prioritize personalized care to restore your mobility and improve your quality of life.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation and discuss your treatment options.